That's not really true. The Romans were heavily influenced by the Greek, from the first century BC. Thus I think that Caelus has been replaced by (or merged with) Uranus. Anyway, that name is a latin transcription of Ouranos. All planets have been given Roman names by the way (except in Greek).
No that is true. I can't reply to Arp2600, but Latin spellings and Roman equivalents are different. Ouranos is the Greek Transliteration, Uranus is just using the Latin spelling. Caelus is the ROMAN EQUIVALENT. Uranus is not Roman. Caelus is.
The name was suggested by a German fellow, and in German, the U is pronounced like Ou. Why that was the variant to sustain? Good question. It problably just made more sense then 'George' or 'Herschel', which were other suggestions at the time.
If memory serves, much of Roman history before the Gallic sack in the 4th century B.C. has no historical evidence because the records were destroyed. So really, much of early Roman history is handed down from myths, the abduction of the Sabine Woman included.
Kronos (not Chronos, the personification of time. Different guy altogether) is Zeus’s father in Greek mythology. Saturn is the Roman equivalent of Kronos, so you’d say that instead of Kronos when asked about Jupiter, as opposed to Zeus.
Scoring
You scored 14/21 = 67%
This beats or equals 59.4% of test takers
The average score is 13
Your high score is 15