|
Hint
|
Answer
|
NATURAL MORAL LAW created by |
thomas aquinas
|
|
in which century
|
13th
|
|
four fold divisions
|
eternal law, divine law, natural moral law, human law
|
|
eternal law definition
|
gods laws of creation
|
|
divine law definition
|
eternal law revealed through special revelation
|
|
natural moral law
|
natural sense of right and wrong
|
|
discovered through?
|
reason
|
|
human law
|
legal system
|
|
human law should not contradict?
|
natural moral law
|
|
natural moral law developed from whos ideas?
|
aristotle
|
|
who developed his theory based on?
|
virtue
|
|
and viewed human purpose as?
|
eudaimonia
|
|
but aquinas and natural moral law view human purpose as?
|
fellowship with god
|
|
our telos on earth is ?
|
human flourishing
|
|
but the telos of all humanity is?
|
beatific vision
|
|
which can only be achieved?
|
in the afterlife
|
|
quote about human telos and happiness
|
full happiness resides in the loving vision of god
|
|
who said this?
|
father pinckaers
|
|
synderesis rule
|
do good and avoid evil
|
|
why are all the other precepts based from the synderesis rule?
|
it is the main guiding principle
|
|
primary precepts
|
preservation of innocent life, reproduction, educate children, worship god , ordered society
|
|
why is the first precept something that humans share with all other substances?
|
all things have a natural desire to keep existing
|
|
who do humans have the 2nd and 3rd precepts in common with?
|
animals
|
|
the 4th and 5th precepts are?
|
unique to humans
|
|
relationship between primary and secondary precepts?
|
secondary precepts are derived from primary precepts
|
|
example of secondary precept for reproduction
|
no contraception
|
|
example of secondary precept for ordered society
|
no theft
|
|
controversy around the idea that secondary precepts are?
|
culturally relative
|
|
things may be legal in some countries but go against the precepts eg
|
polygamy
|
however, while the primary precepts are absolute, the secondary precepts can be more flexible quote from Aquinas |
the natural law is altogether unchangeable in its first principles, but in its secondary principles may be changed in some particular cases of rare occurrence
|
|
what text is the quote from?
|
summa theologica
|
|
aquinas believed in 2 types of good
|
real and apparent
|
|
real good
|
truly good and works with God’s purpose
|
|
apparent good
|
something that appears good but does not fit with God’s intended purpose
|
|
eg, adultery can feel like a real good because of
|
short term pleasure
|
|
but it is an apparent good as
|
goes against precepts
|
|
exterior acts are only good if accompanied by?
|
right intention
|
|
for example?
|
philanthropy for fame is not true morality
|
|
4 cardinal virtues
|
prudence justice fortitude temperance
|
|
3 theological virtues
|
faith hope love
|
|
virtuous development in order to?
|
correct our fallen nature
|
|
what does Aquinas use to discuss the legality of killing in self defence?
|
the principle of double effect
|
|
what is the main summary of it?
|
always wrong to do a bad act with good consequences, sometimes okay to do a good act with bad consequences
|
|
how many conditions does the principle have
|
4
|
|
first condition
|
nature of the act
|
|
explanation
|
act must not be morally bad
|
|
second condition
|
means-end
|
|
explanation
|
evil is not made a means to obtain good effect
|
|
third condition
|
right intention
|
|
explanation
|
bad effect must be an unintentional side effect
|
|
explanation cont.
|
bad effect can be forseen but must not be intended
|
|
fourth condition
|
proportionality
|
|
explanation
|
good effect should be at least proportionate to the evil
|
|
kevin kelly on NML
|
too deontologically focused
|
proportionalism aquinas said it was acceptable to ?
|
steal bread for starving family
|
|
but not acceptable to?
|
lie to save someone from death
|
|
quote about proportionalist reaction to aquinas
|
they have "pointed out the inconsistency and invalidity of such thinking"
|
|
proportionalism dictates that you should never go against certain moral rules without?
|
a proportionate reason
|
|
proportionalist scholars
|
hoose and janssens
|
|
they said modern day versions of NML were too?
|
inflexible
|
|
when deciding if an action is moral/immoral you need to consider?
|
the intention of the moral agent
|
|
if intention is ignored, you can only consider?
|
the ontic goodness of the act
|
|
acts only become valued when you consider both (1)
|
proportion of value to disvalue
|
|
(2)
|
intention of the moral agent
|
|
so, no acts are ?
|
intrinsically evil
|
SITUATION ETHICS context- era |
60s
|
|
significance?
|
hippie movement, sexual revolution, promotion of peace
|
|
Paul Tillich quote
|
the law of love is the ultimate law because it is the negation of the law
|
|
William Temple quote
|
only one ultimate and invariable duty, love thy neighbour
|
|
Joesph Flecter's foreword to Situation Ethics contain an anecdote of ?
|
st louis bus story
|
|
the moral of which being?
|
there are times when a man has to push his principles aside and do the right thing
|
|
legalism
|
set of absolute rules and regulations
|
|
antinomianism
|
no laws governing human behaviour, ad hoc
|
