Definition
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Keyword
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Reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water
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Condensation
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A weak interaction that can occur wherever molecules contain a slightly negatively charged atom bonded to a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom
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Hydrogen bond
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Reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water
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Hydrolysis
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A small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer
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Monomer
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A large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers
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Polymer
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A group of molecules containing C, H and O
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Carbohydrates
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A bond formed between two monosaccharides by a hydrolysis reaction
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Glycosidic bond
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A group of substances that are soluble in alcohol rather than water. They include triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol
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Lipids
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A very large, organic molecule
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Macromolecule
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Molecule consisting of glycerol, two fatty acids and one phosphate group
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Phospholipid
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Monomers of all proteins, and all amino acids have the same basic structure
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Amino acids
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A bond formed when two amino acids are joined by a condensation reaction
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Peptide bond
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The sequence of amino acids found in a molecule
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Primary structure
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The coiling or folding of an amino acid chain, which arises often as a result of hydrogen bond formation between different parts of the chain. For example, alpha helixes and beta pleated sheet
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Secondary structure
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The overall three-dimensional shape of a protein molecule. Its shape arises due to interactions including hydrogen bonding, disulfide bridges, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions
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Tertiary structure
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Protein structure where protein consists of more than one polypeptide chain. For example, insulin
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Quarternary structure
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Has a relatively long, thin structure, is insoluble in water and metabolically inactive, often having a structural role within an organism
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Fibrous protein
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Has molecules of a relatively spherical shape, which are soluble in water, and often have metabolic roles within the organism
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Globular protein
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A non-protein component that forms a permanent part of a functioning protein molecule
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Prosthetic group
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