A Level PE - Principles and theories of learning and performance

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Last updated: March 7, 2018
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First submittedMarch 7, 2018
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Defintion
Keyword
A permanent change in behaviour as a result of practise
Learning
A temporary occurrence that can change from time to time because of many external and internal influences
Performance
First stage of learning used by a novice. Understanding and sub-routines are explored by trail and error
Cognitive
Second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother
Associative
Final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific
Autonomous
Information to aid error correction
Feedback
Type of feedback aka encouragement
Positive
Type of feedback aka error correction
Negative
Type of feedback from an outside force
Extrinsic
Type of feedback from within
Instrinsic
Concerns the outcome
Knowledge of results
About technique
Knowledge of performance
A period of no improvement in performance
Plateau
An end-of-task period when performance may get worse
Drive reduction
Guidance that can be seen, a demonstration
Visual
Type of guidance; An explanation
Verbal
Type of guidance; Physical support
Manual
Type of guidance; An artificial aid
Mechanical
Defintion
Keyword
The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated
Operant Conditioning
Attempts to explain how actions can be linked to stimuli
Behaviourist Theory
An action that promotes a pleasant feeling so that responses are repeated
Satisfier
An action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses
Annoyer
A pleasant stimulus after the correct response
Positive Reinforcement
Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct reponse
Negative Reinforcement
An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions recurring
Punishment
Making the demonstration attractive to the performer
Attention
Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it
Retention
Having the mental and physical ability to do the task
Motor Production
Having the drive to do the task
Motivation
Learning by association with others
Social development
Learning from others externally
Inter-psychological learning
Learning using others or an MKO to develop knowledge
Intra-psychological learning
Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance
Constructivism
Stage of learning based on the performer's needs, expectations and current level of performance
Zone of proximal development
Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill
Insight learning
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