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A biological term. Can be determined by a person's hormones and chromosomes.
Sex
A psychological term. Can be determined by a person's attitudes and behaviour.
Gender
Freud's third stage of psychosexual development, in which gender development takes place.
Phallic stage
To adopt the attitudes and behaviour of the same-sex parent.
Identification
The conflict experienced by a boy in the phallic stage because he unconsciously desires his mother and is afraid of his father.
Oedipus complex
The conflict experienced by a girl because she unconsciously desires her father and is afraid of losing her mother's love.
Electra complex
Not developing the gender identity usually associated with one's sex.
Gender disturbance
A role model provides and example for the child.
Modelling
Copying the behaviour of a model.
Imitation
Learning from the model's being either rewarded or punished.
Vicarious reinforcement
Believing that all males and all females are similar.
Gender stereotypes
A mental building block of knowledge that contains information about each gender.
Gender schema
Behaviour seen as masculine or feminine by a particular culture.
Gender role
Where gender is an important way of thinking about the world so information is organised according to what is gender appropriate and what is gender inappropriate.