mental health drugs

drugs to treat anxiety & depression

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Last updated: May 26, 2023

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First submitted	May 26, 2023
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what are the main neurotransmitters of the CNS?	what is the function of each in the CNS?
GABA	mediates majority of inhibitory post-synaptic potentials
serotonin	control of appetite, sleep, mood, hallucinations, pain perception and vomiting
noradrenaline	increases arousal and alertness
Drugs that treat Anxiety
what is anxiety characterised by?	what is thought to be the pathophysiology of anxiety?	what neurotransmitters are anxiety symptoms mediated by?
a feeling of dread, apprehension or uneasiness that often arises from an unknown source	involves neurochemical dysfunction (e.g. decreased GABA-ergic tone, increased cortisol expression) and/or dysfunction of the amygdala in the brain	GABA
		serotonin
		noradrenaline
		dopamine
what are the two main drug types that are used to treat anxiety?	what is an example of each of these drug types?	what is their mechanism of action?
benzodiazepines	diazepam, lorazepam, etc	binding to allosteric site of GABA-A receptors to enhance GABA binding
barbiturates	phenobarbitone, amobarbitone, etc
Drugs that treat Depression
what is depression characterised by?	what is thought to be the pathophysiology of depression?	what is the aims of pharmacological treatment of depression?
low mood, lack of motivation and interest, and aversion to activity	insufficient monoamine neurotransmitter activity	restore monoamine neurotransmitter activity
what are the drug types used to treat depression?	what is an example of each of these drug types?	what is their mechanism of action?
SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)	escitalopram, sertraline, etc	selectively blocks the reuptake of serotonin back into the pre-synaptic cell, meaning that free serotonin stays in the synaptic gap longer and may bind again to serotonin receptors
SNRIs (serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors)	venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, etc	blocks the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline back into the pre-synaptic cell, meaning that both neurotransmitters stay in the synaptic gap longer and may bind again to their receptors
TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants)	amitriptyline, amoxapine, etc	blocks the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline back into the pre-synaptic cell
TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants)	amitriptyline, amoxapine, etc	inhibits serotonin, sigma, muscarinic, NMDA and histamine receptors
MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)	pirlindole, selegiline, etc	inhibits the activity of monoamine oxidase A and/or B, preventing the enzymes from breaking down monoamine neurotransmitters, increasing their availability