pharmacology - drug classifications

adrenaline, amiodarone, amphetamines, amplodipine, aspirin, atenolol, atracurium, atropine, bethanecol, codeine, diazepam, digoxin, diltiazem, dobutamine, dopamine, edrophonium, fluoxetine, frusemide, ipratropium, irbesartan, lignocaine, loratadine, mannitol, muscimol, neostigmine, nifedipine, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, noradrenaline, perindopril, phenylephrine, pravastatin, prazosin, propranolol, pseudoephedrine, pyridostigmine, salbutamol, scopolamine, sotalol, spironolactone, tropicamide

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Last updated: April 13, 2023

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Hint	Answer
is Atropine a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	parasympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Atropine?	parasympatholytics
is Atropine an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Atropine?	competitive antagonist (antimuscarinic)
what are the common uses for Atropine?	CVS & ophthalmic uses
what is Atropine contraindicated for?	glaucoma
is Tropicamide a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	parasympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Tropicamide?	parasympatholytics
is Tropicamide an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Tropicamide?	competitive antagonist (antimuscarinic)
what are the common uses for Tropicamide?	ophthalmic (retinal examination)
is Ipratropium a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	parasympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Ipratropium?	parasympatholytics
is Ipratropium an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Ipratropium?	competitive antagonist (antimuscarinic)
what are the common uses for Ipratropium?	respiratory (green inhalers for bronchodilation)
is Scopolamine a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	parasympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Scopolamine?	parasympatholytics
is Scopolamine an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Scopolamine?	competitive antagonist (antimuscarinic)
what are the common uses for Scopolamine?	GIT uses
is Bethanecol a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	parasympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Bethanecol?	parasympathomimetics
is Bethanecol an agonist or antagonist?	agonist
what are the common uses for Bethanecol?	atonic bladder
is Adrenaline a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	sympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Adrenaline?	adrenergic agonists
is Adrenaline an agonist or antagonist?	agonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Adrenaline?	mixed agonist
what are the common uses for Adrenaline? (1)	anaphylaxis
what are the common uses for Adrenaline? (2)	constant rate infusions for dangerous hypotension
what are the common uses for Adrenaline? (3)	cardiac arrest
what are the common uses for Adrenaline? (4)	added to other drugs to improve their efficacy
is Noradrenaline a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	sympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Noradrenaline?	adrenergic agonists
is Noradrenaline an agonist or antagonist?	agonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Noradrenaline?	mixed agonist
which receptors does Adrenaline work on that Noradrenaline has considerably less effect on?	β2 receptors
is Dopamine a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	sympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Dopamine?	adrenergic agonists
is Dopamine an agonist or antagonist?	agonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Dopamine?	mixed agonist
what are the peripheral affects of low doses of Dopamine?	renal vasodilations, erections (acts on Dopamine (D1) receptor)
what are the peripheral affects of high doses of Dopamine?	increased cardiac contractility (additionally acts on β1 receptors)
what are the peripheral affects of even higher doses of Dopamine?	systemic vasoconstriction (additionally acts on α1 receptors)
is Pseudoephedrine a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	sympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Pseudoephedrine?	adrenergic agonists
is Pseudoephedrine an agonist or antagonist?	agonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Pseudoephedrine?	α agonist
what is the common use for Pseudoephedrine?	nasal decongestant (α1 effect to vasoconstrict blood supply to sinuses)
is Phenylephrine a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	sympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Phenylephrine?	adrenergic agonists
is Phenylephrine an agonist or antagonist?	agonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Phenylephrine?	α agonist
what is the common use for Phenylephrine?	nasal decongestant
what are the other uses for Phenylephrine?	nasal bleeds & ocular decongestant
is Salbutamol a sympathetic or parasympathetic drug?	sympathetic
what is the name of the drug type that includes Salbutamol?	adrenergic agonists
is Salbutamol an agonist or antagonist?	agonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Salbutamol?	β2 agonist
what is the common use for Salbutamol?	inhaler for asthma
what is the name of the drug type that includes Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Edrophonium?	cholinesterase inhibitors
are Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Edrophonium agonists or antagonists?	antagonists
what type of agonists/antagonists are Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Edrophonium?	muscarinic antagonists
what is the common use for Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Edrophonium?	diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis
what is the name of the drug type that includes Atracurium?	(nondepolarising) neuromuscular blockers
is Atracurium an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Atracurium?	competitive nicotinic antagonist
what is the common use for Atracurium?	to keep things still during surgery (usually eye or thoracotomy)
are Propranolol and Atenolol sympathetic or parasympathetic drugs?	sympathetic
what kind of cardiovascular drugs are Propranolol and Atenolol? (3)	vasodilators, antiarrhythmics, negative inotropes, negative chronotropes

Hint	Answer
what subtype of the first cardiovascular drug are Propranolol and Atenolol?	β-blockers
what class of the second cardiovascular drug are Propranolol and Atenolol?	class II
are Propranolol and Atenolol agonists or antagonists?	antagonists
what type of agonists/antagonists are Propranolol and Atenolol?	β1 & β2 antagonists
what kinds of cardiovascular drug is Digoxin? (3)	positive inotrope, antiarrhythmic, and negative chronotrope
what are the main clinical indications of Digoxin? (2)	improve myocardial contractility and prevent arrhythmias
what does Digoxin inhibit?	the Na+ - K+ - ATPase channel
what does Digoxin inhibition ultimately cause?	myocardial contractility
what kind of cardiovascular drug is Dobutamine?	positive inotrope
is Dobutamine an agonist or antagonist?	agonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Dobutamine?	β1 agonist
what are the main uses of Dobutamine?	used to improve myocardial contraction force to improve cardiac output
what kind of cardiovascular drug is Perindopril?	vasodilator
what subtype of this cardiovascular drug is Perindopril?	angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
is Perindopril an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Perindopril?	competitive antagonist
what kind of cardiovascular drug is Irbesartan?	vasodilator
what subtype of this cardiovascular drug is Irbesartan?	angiotensin II inhibitor
is Irbesartan an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Irbesartan?	competitive antagonist
Irbesartan and Perindopril generally do the same thing. why is Irbesartan sometimes prescribed instead?	if the patient has adverse reactions to ACE inhibitors
what kinds of cardiovascular drug is Amplodipine? (3)	vasodilator (main), negative inotrope, negative chronotrope
what subtype of the main cardiovascular drug is Amplodipine?	calcium channel blocker
is Amplodipine an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what kind of cardiovascular drugs are Nitroglycerin and Nitroprusside?	vasodilators
what subtypes of this cardiovascular drug are Nitroglycerin and Nitroprusside?	nitrates
what enzyme type of drugs are Nitroglycerin and Nitroprusside?	prodrugs
are Nitroglycerin and Nitroprusside agonists or antagonists?	agonists
what kind of cardiovascular drug is Prazosin?	vasodilator
what subtype of this cardiovascular drug is Prazosin?	α antagonist
is Prazosin an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what type of agonist/antagonist is Prazosin?	α1 selective antagonist
what class of antiarrhythmic drug is Diltiazem?	class IV
what type of drug is Diltiazem?	calcium channel blocker
what class of antiarrhythmic drug is Atenolol?	class II
what type of drug is Atenolol?	sympathetic autonomic blocker
what class of antiarrhythmic drug are Sotalol and Amiodarone?	class III
what type of drugs are Sotalol and Amiodarone?	potassium channel blocker
what class of antiarrhythmic drug is Lignocaine?	class I
what type of drug is Lignocaine?	sodium channel blocker
what type of renal drug is Frusemide?	loop diuretic
is Frusemide an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what does Frusemide agonise/antagonise?	Na+-K+-2Cl- pump
what is Frusemide used for?	fluid accumulation in the lungs, abdomen, or pleural space after heart failure
what type of renal drug is Spironolactone?	potassium sparing diuretic
is Spironolactone an agonist or antagonist?	antagonist
what does Spironolactone agonise/antagonise?	aldosterone
why do we sometimes use Spironolactone instead of Frusemide?	if there is concern about potassium levels
what type of renal drug is Mannitol?	osmotic diuretic
what are the indications of Mannitol?	cerebral oedema (after head trauma) & glaucoma
what classification of drugs end in -olol?	β-blockers
what classification of drugs end in -caine?	local anaesthetic
what classification of drugs end in -dipine?	DHP calcium channel blockers
what classification of drugs end in -tidine?	H2 receptor antagonists
what classification of drugs end in -prazole?	proton pump inhibitors
what classification of drugs end in -quine?	antimalarials
what classification of drugs end in -ane?	halogenated anaesthetics
what classification of drugs end in -zosin?	α adrenergic blockers
what classification of drugs end in -profen?	NSAIDs
what classification of drugs end in -clovir?	antivirals
what classification of drugs end in -mycin?	macrolide antibiotics
what classification of drugs end in -cycline?	broad spectrum antibiotics
what classification of drugs end in -zepam?	benzodiazepine sedatives
what type of enzyme are Aspirin and Neostigmine?	inhibitors
what type of enzymes are Methyl-dopa and L-dopa?	false substrates
what type of enzymes are Codeine, Aspirin, and Loratadine?	prodrugs
what type of carrier molecule is Pravastatin?	normal transport
what type of carrier molecule is Fluoxetine?	inhibitor
what type of carrier molecules are Amphetamines?	false substrates
what type of ion channels do Lignocaine and Nifedipine target?	voltage-gated
what type of ion channels do Muscimol and Diazepam target?	ligand-gated