Hint
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Answer
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On a force-distance graph the area under the line represent
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work done
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Give the equation for Energy stored in a stretched spring
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½ F×∆L
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Give the equation for Kinetic Energy
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½ m v²
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Base units equivalent to a Joule
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kg m² s⁻²
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Give the equation for Change in gravitational potential energy
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m g ∆h
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Define Hooke's Law
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The change in length of an object is directly proportional to the applied force.
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Define the Elastic limit
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The point at which a material starts to permanently change shape
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What is a compressive force
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A force that reduces the length of an object
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The units of stress
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Pascals (Pa) or Nm^-2
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Define density
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Mass per unit volume
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What is the density of water
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1000kgm⁻³
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State Hooke's Law equation
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F = -kx
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What is the effect of connecting two identical springs in series
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Halve the stiffness/k
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What is the effect of connecting two identical springs in parallel
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Double the stiffness/k
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Define the Limit of proportionality
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The point at which a material stops obeying Hooke's Law
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Define Young's Modulus
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Stress / Strain (within the limit of proportionality)
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What is the Material property measured by the Young's Modulus
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Stiffness
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Define Ultimate tensile strength
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The maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking
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What is the Feature of a stress-strain graph that tells you the Young's Modulus
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The gradient (of the initial straight line section)
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Define the yield point
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The point when strain starts to increase very rapidly with stress.
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Define Elastic deformation
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Material returns to its original shape when the load is removed
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Define Plastic deformation
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Material remains permanently deformed after the load is removed.
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What is shown by the Area under a force-extension graph
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Work done stretching the material/energy stored in a spring
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Define Tensile Strain
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Change in length per unit original length
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Define Tensile stress
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Tensile force divided by cross-sectional area
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What has the same units as stress
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Young's Modulus or Pressure
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