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cardiovascular drugs
positive inotropes, negative inotropes, vasodilators, antiarrhythmics, negative chronotropes, diuretics
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camisadorising
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Last updated: April 18, 2023
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April 18, 2023
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What are the positive inotropes?
What are the common uses?
What kind of agonists/antagonists are they?
Digoxin
to improve myocardial contractility
to prevent arrhythmias
Na+ - K+ - ATPase channel antagonist
Dobutamine
used to improve myocardial contraction force to improve cardiac output
β1 agonist
What are the vasodilators?
What are examples of each?
What is the mechanism of action for each?
What will the use of vasodilators do?
What are the clinical indications for vasodilators?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Perindopril (and other -prils)
inhibits the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, therefore inhibiting the production of Angiotensin II
decrease afterload
improve peripheral perfusion
heart failure
hypertension
Angiotensin II receptor inhibitors
Irbesartan (and other -sartans)
acts as an antagonist at the Angiotensin II receptor, therefore inhibiting the production of ADH and Aldosterone
Beta blockers
Propranolol
Atenolol
β1 antagonism leading to decreased heart rate and negative inotropy, leading to decrease blood pressure
Calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine
blocks the influx of calcium into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, therefore decreasing myocardial contractility and causing vasodilation
Nitrates
Nitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
used as a prodrug that converts to nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation & reduced preload
α1 antagonists
Prazosin
α1 selective antagonist, leading to vasodilation
What are the antiarrhythmics?
What is an example of each?
What type of blocker is each?
Class I
Lignocaine
sodium channel blockers
Class II
Atenolol
Propranolol
blockade of sympathetic autonomic effects
Class III
Sotalol
Amiodarone
potassium channel blockers
Class IV
Diltiazem
calcium channel blockers
Digoxin
Na+ - K+ - ATPase channel blocker
What are the negative inotropes?
What are the negative chronotropes?
What are examples of these?
calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Class II antiarrhythmics
Propranolol
Atenolol
-
Digoxin
-
What are the diuretics?
What are examples of these?
What are they used for?
What is the mechanism of action of each?
loop diuretics (renal diuretic)
Frusemide
fluid accumulation in the lungs, abdomen, or pleural space after heart failure
Na+-K+-2Cl- pump antagonist, therefore creating an enormous natriuresis (sodium in urine) and subsequent diuresis
potassium sparing diuretics (renal diuretic)
Spironolactone
used on occasion in preference to frusemide if concerned about potassium levels
aldosterone antagonist (aldosterone drives the Na+-K+- ATPase pump)
osmotic diuretics
Mannitol
cerebral oedema (after head trauma)
glaucoma
increases plasma osmolality so moves fluid from tissues to plasma through osmosis
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